The Global Warming Debate Essay -- Climate Change Debate, 2015

An Earth-wide temperature boost isn't a champion to stoop previously - however a test to ascend to. A test we should ascend to. - Joe Lieberman Presentation An unnatural weather change is a dubious natural subject in today’s society. A dangerous atmospheric devation is when ozone depleting substances (carbon dioxide, water fume, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide) go about as a cover that protects the earth and keeps heat from getting away into space, which thusly makes the worldwide temperature rise. This â€Å"greenhouse effect† is a normally happening marvel; without it, the earth would be unreasonably cold for any life to occupy. In any case, because of non-renewable energy source consuming and other human exercises, there is an abundance measure of ozone harming substances (predominantly carbon dioxide) in the climate. Despite the fact that there is noteworthy proof of an unnatural weather change, there are still cynics whom accept that a worldwide temperature alteration isn't happening. BACKROUND INFORMATION A worldwide temperature alteration is an expansion in the earth’s temperature because of the utilization of petroleum products and certain mechanical and farming procedures, which lead to a development of ozone depleting substances in the environment. Petroleum derivatives are vitality rich substances that have shaped from since quite a while ago covered plants and microorganisms. They give the greater part of the vitality that powers present day society. Non-renewable energy sources incorporate oil, coal and normal gases. Oil or unrefined petroleum, is a normally happening sleek, bituminous fluid made out of different natural materials. Coal is a strong, dim shaded fuel found in stores of sedimentary stone. It is scorched to deliver vitality and is utilized to fabricate steel. Regular gases are any burnable vaporous blend utilized as fuel to deliver vitality for local or modern use. ... ...e Backlash Against Global Warming Has Begun.† The Market analyst. â€Å"Sample Errors and Biases in the Global Warming Theory.† . Date got to: 12 April 2000. â€Å"Still Waiting for the Greenhouse.† . Date gotten to: 12 April 2000. Taubes, Gary, â€Å"Apocalypse Not.† Science, Nov 7, 1997. â€Å"Trends.† EPA Global Warming Site Climate. . Date got to: 8 April 2000. â€Å"Vector and Zoonotic Illnesses.† . Date got to: 7 April 2000. â€Å"What Future Changes in Climate Can We Expect.† . Date got to: 12 April 2000. Joe Lieberman Quote http://www.brainyquote.com/cites/catchphrases/global_warming.html#H2fdTgav5l6VVGt8.99

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Examination - Case Study Example The organization, through its flexible and compelling promoting strategies, has ready to catch piece of the overall industry of around 11.0% by esteem and 11.2% by volume. Another source from where the organization gains a lot of its income is through selling food things. Imprints and Spencer is the main supplier with regards to selling fine quality food. The organization offers everything from new suppers to canned food things, exceptionally acclaimed and lauded scope of wines to different goods items. The organization has improved its rack accessibility and has embraced the procedure of recharging its food go. The proactive methodology has brought about an expansion of 1.8% in deals income from food business. The monetary year 2011 end up being another dynamic year for Marks and Spencer. During the present year, Marks and Spencer’s income expanded by 2% during the present year to a noteworthy ?9.7 billion. Albeit, because of increment in use owing extension plans of the orga nization, the working benefit decline by 2%. The organization, following its development methodology, seeks change its activity into multi channel business. The organization has made significant strides in contributing its immediate deals business which improved the income during the current monetary year. ... Pay explanation Revenue †proceeding with tasks UK 8,733 8,568 8,164 8,309 7,978 International 1,007 969 898 713 611 Operating benefit †proceeding with tasks UK 679 701 755 1,096 957 International 158 151 116 115 89 Total working benefit 837 852 871 1,211 1,046 Net intrigue payable (94) (160) (200) (141) (130) Pension account pay 38 11 35 59 21 Profit on customary exercises before tax assessment †proceeding with activities 781 703 706 1,129 937 Analyzed between: Underlying benefit before charge 714 695 604 1,007 965 Adjustments to working benefit 66 8 102 122 (29) Income charge cost (182) (180) (199) (308) (278) Profit after tax collection 599 523 507 821 659 As very clear from the above correlation, the money related standpoint of the organization has improved. The expansion in bunch income essentially relates to the expansion in like-for-like deals just as the expansion of new stores and outlets, both in and outside of England. Since Marks and Spencer do a critical nu mber of its deals abroad, the company’s income is significantly expanded because of the variance in swapping scale. In spite of the fact that the ongoing credit emergency and worldwide financial emergency end up being an obstacle, however the effect was balanced by judicious hazard the executives and adept distribution of capital speculation. The gross benefit to deals proportion for the year finished December 31, 2011 was 8.93% which has diminished by 0.67% during the present year. Regardless of the lessening in net benefit to deals proportion, the net benefit of the organization has expanded by ?16.2 million. The expansion in net benefit is because of the way that during the present year the organization didn't spend any excellent cost which it caused during the earlier year on key rebuild. What's more, the organization took solid measures to control its

Wind Essay Topics - Using Wind Energy

Wind Essay Topics - Using Wind EnergyWind essay topics are great when you need to know how to go about writing essays on subjects that have nothing to do with anything but having something to say. I am talking about something like the subject of wind, of which there are so many variations.One common topic is wind energy. There are various ways that wind energy can be utilized, and for those of us who aren't familiar with how to construct a windmill, a wind turbine, or something like a wind generator, it can get confusing. The main question that most people have is what they can use to power their home if their electricity provider is taking a dump and doesn't have any energy to sell. Is it possible to produce their own electricity and if so how long does it take?When you are studying your kit and trying to figure out how to build one, the last thing you want to do is become too focused on the exact model you buy. Because of this, there are a few things that you must understand. For i nstance, wind turbines can also be called wind mills. They are basically devices that capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electrical energy.Other than that, there are a few other essential parts of a windmill. I'll explain them below.The first thing to remember is that your system will only work at the initial stage. After you've purchased the equipment, you must start working on figuring out how to make it work. For that, you need to learn about how the magnets and bearings work, and the basics of windmill construction. Of course, there are some textbooks that focus on this topic, but it really isn't necessary to have that knowledge if you are only planning to build a small windmill.On the otherhand, if you intend to build a larger windmill and one that produce more power, you will want to have all the knowledge up front. Before you buy the equipment, you should visit your local library and find a few books on windmill construction, since they are the easiest to understand. When you buy them, go ahead and buy them from a store that sells windmill parts, as they will be more experienced than a store that sells only books.Once you have all the materials needed to build your windmill, you will need to figure out how to orient your machine so that it will gather energy from all sides. This is important because it will direct the energy in the right direction, and it can help make your turbine run at higher levels. As you get better, you will want to add more parts and build bigger and better turbines.The most important thing to remember when you are thinking about developing your own windmill is that you will be using this energy for many years to come. So, after you have done all the research and thought it through, you will be ready to go build one for yourself.

The United States versus Paramount Pictures, Inc. Essay

The United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (1947) case deals with monopolies and antitrust laws. I chose the trusts/monopolies topic due to my interest in finance and economics. Since elementary school, I have been fascinated by John D. Rockefeller’s story about his oil monopoly. This history has caused me to be interested in monopolies and trusts. I began enjoy reading about the elite who obtained their wealth illegally. After reading and watching The Great Gatsby and watching the movie Catch Me If You Can, I have been fascinated with counterfeit wealth and how people may have gotten away with breaking the law. My favorite thing about APUSH is learning how the economy has changed over time and how that has affected the lifestyle of the†¦show more content†¦These â€Å"Big Five† created an alliance of theater chains that monopolies on the profits of movies’ first-run and absolutely crushed other independent production countries. The Paramount case wen t into Federal Court in New York in 1940. The was a consent decree; the compromise allowed the Big Five to retain their chains in exchange for restriction on block-booking(selling multiple movies to a theater as a unit). This also outlawed blind bidding, so all films were required to be shown to the buyers before selling them (SIMPP, 2002). The independent exhibitors were unhappy with this decision, because it still gives a tremendous amount of power to the Big Five. Companies like Universal and Columbia didn’t own theaters and relied heavily on block-booking. The independent producers created the Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (SIMPP). The case turned around when SIMPP was created (SIMPP, 2002). There was an opposition to the Big Five, but the problem was the independent producers weren’t united. The Consent of Decree of 1940 expired and the Justice Department began the â€Å"New York Equity Suit† (SIMPP, 2002). This case now involved the original Big Five producing companies and three smaller companies who were unhappy with the ruling of the consent of decree such as Universal and Columbia. These three companies were known as the â€Å"Little Three† SIMPP spent $10,000 to unsuccessfully file an amicus curiae brief. They didn’t have enough time for the approvalShow MoreRelatedThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesbiggest industries in the United States, indeed the World, the internal workings of the dream factory that is Hollywood is little understood outside the business. The Hollywood Studio System: A History is the first book to describe and analyse the complete development, classic operation, and reinvention of the global corporate entities which produce and distribute most of the films we watch. 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Dactylic Hexameter

Dactylic Hexameter is a very important meter in Greek and Latin poetry. It is especially associated with epic poetry, and so is referred to as heroic. The very words dactylic hexameter often stand for epic poetry. Why Dactyl? Dactyl is the Greek for finger. [Note: The Homeric epithet for the goddess Eos (Dawn) is rhododactylos or rosy-fingered.] There are 3 phalanges in a finger and, likewise, there are 3 parts of a dactyl. Presumably, the first phalanx is the longest in the ideal finger, while the others are shorter and about the same length, since long, short, short is the form of the dactyl foot. The phalanges here refer to the syllables; thus, there is a long syllable, followed by two short ones, at least in the basic form. Technically, a short syllable is one mora and a long is two morae in length of time. Since the meter in question is dactylic hexameter, there are 6 sets of the dactyls. The dactylic foot is formed with one long followed by two short syllables. This may be represented with a long mark (for example, the underscore symbol _) followed by two short marks (e.g., U). Put together a dactylic foot can be written as _UU. Since were discussing dactylic hexameter, a line of poetry written in dactylic hexameter could be written like this:_UU_UU_UU_UU_UU_UU. If you count, youll see 6 underscores and 12 Us, making up six feet. However, dactylic hexameter lines can also be composed using substitutions for the dactyls. (Remember: The dactyl, as stated above, is one long and two short or, converted to morae, 4 morae.) A long is two morae, so a dactyl, which is the equivalent of two longs, is four morae long. Thus, the meter known as spondee (represented as two underscores: _ _), which is also the equivalent of 4 morae, can substitute for a dactyl. In this case, there would be two syllables and both would be long, rather than three syllables. In contrast with the other five feet, the last foot of the line of dactylic hexameter is usually not a dactyl. It may be a spondee (_ _) or a shortened spondee, with only 3 morae. In a shortened spondee, there would be two syllables, the first long and the second short (_ U). In addition to the actual form of the line of the dactylic hexameter, there are various conventions about where substitutions are likely and where word and syllable breaks should occur [see caesura and diaresis]. Dactylic hexameter describes Homeric epic meter (Iliad and Odyssey) and that of Vergils (Aeneid). It is also used in shorter poetry. In (Yale U Press, 1988), Sara Mack discusses Ovids 2 meters, dactylic hexameter and elegiac couplets. Ovid uses the dactylic hexameter for his Metamorphoses. Mack describes a metrical foot as like a whole note, the long syllable as like a half note and the short syllables as like quarter notes. This (half note, quarter note, quarter note) seems a very useful description for understanding a dactylic foot.

The Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay - 1877 Words

Abstract 250 words Introduction The problem of juvenile delinquency is not new to the society. It occurs in all societies simple as well as complex. Juvenile Delinquency is committing of criminal acts or offences by minors, i.e. juveniles (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority). These acts does not follow under the category of ‘crimes’ as they would be for adults. Rather, crimes committed by minors or juveniles are called ‘delinquent acts’. It is not only a legal problem but also a psychological problem and the one who has to tackle it has to consider both psychological and familial angles of the problem. It includes two types of behaviors, i.e. status and delinquent offences. Status offences are the ones which are inappropriate or unhealthy for children and the adolescents and thus the behavior is prohibited because of the age of the offender. Smoking, drinking, truancy and running away from home are some examples of status offences. Delinquent offences mean violation of legal statutes. For example, murder, rape, assault, harassment, stalking, robbery, etc. Special courts are established with specially trained Magistrates for the trial of the delinquents. Instead of a ‘trial’, the juvenile has ‘adjudication’, after which he/she receives a ‘disposition’ and a sentence. It also provides for the formation of reformatory schools for the delinquents. In a developing country like India the problem of juvenile neglect and delinquency is considerably increasingShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile delinquents are defined as being minors between the ages of 10 and 18. To be considered an delinquent the minor has committed some act that violates the law. These acts aren’t called crimes as they would be for adults. Rather than being called crimes, when committed by minors these acts are called delinquent acts. Delinquent acts generally fall into two categories. The first type of delinquent act is one that would be co nsidered a crime had an adult committed it. The second type of delinquentRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency894 Words   |  4 Pagesmost are just beginning puberty, these young boys and girls are becoming juvenile delinquents because they chose the wrong path or the wrong path was laid out for them. 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It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver s license to operate a vehicleRead MoreProblem of Juvenile Delinquency1935 Words   |  8 PagesUnit 2 Project Philippe Francois the problem of juvenile Delinquency This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, it will make the argument on how to reduce it and bring light to this problem which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban America. It can lead to law-breaking juvenile, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. Over the years experts have given us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including ones economic background, parentsRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency3617 Words   |  15 PagesAbtract Setting the problem Juvenile delinquency can be closely related to many sociology problems across the United States, America’s youth in the 21st century are more at risk that this present time frame compared to 10-15 year. Delinquency has a close relationship with poverty and low-income houses, however low income does not only influence house but employment and education. Therefore, Research shows juvenile delinquency is an increasing social problem that has many contributing influencesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem3877 Words   |  16 Pagesdecades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults. Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in the development of criminality in a juvenile, generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon future delinquency can be avoided. Juvenile delinquency is not a problem in just one corner of the earth but it is a problem faced worldwide in every country. 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Implementing juvenile delinquency intervention programs ma y be the first step to combating this crime problem. There is potential to reduce future crime if the youths of today can be reached and helped with these programs. I have picked four programs which I believe will help combat these delinquencyRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency892 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Group. In the year 2004 girls made up thirty percent of all juvenile arrest. However, the question still remains whether it is an increase in juvenile delinquency or society’s response to girl’s behavior. In order to find out the answers to these questions the office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention created the Girls Study Group. To fight the statistics and improve the lives of girls in danger of juvenile delinquency. Resiliency is the power to be able to deal with a tremendous

Price and Market for Analysis of Airlines Pricing -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePrice and Marketfor Analysis of Airlines Pricing Strategy. Answer: Introduction Airlines have always practiced charging different prices from different customers. In the huge world of aviation history, this phenomenon of different prices exists for every airline, small or big. The airlines charge different prices for the tickets based on flying class, extra services such as meal cost, luggage cost, time of ticket sales, time of flying, season, privilege membership etc. This is termed as price discrimination in economics. The practice of selling the same product or service at different prices to different consumers for maximizing revenue and profit is known as price discrimination (Baumol and Blinder 2015). The sellers act as a monopolist or oligopolists and determine the price through price discrimination. In the airlines industry, the price of the tickets fluctuates over the period of sales. It rises rapidly when the departure date approaches. It is a very important phenomenon because an individual pays a price for the seat, which might be significantly differe nt from the person sitting next to him. This practice helps the airlines to maximize profits multiple times than what they would have made otherwise. This phenomenon is also known as price differentiation or intertemporal price discrimination. This occurs when heterogeneous customers take entry into the market at different point of time, this creates incentives and opportunities for the airlines to discriminate the price and maximize profits (Moulin 2014). The following report focuses on economic analysis of the pricing strategy by the airlines. Price Discrimination Various Aspects of the Exchange Process Price discrimination is a very common practice in the business world. Firms apply this practice to get different prices from different customers. This is a pricing strategy that enables the firms to charge differentiated prices for the same good or service. Under pure price differentiation, the firms charge the maximum price to each consumer, which he is willing to pay. In the common practice, it is seen that firms make segmentations of the consumers based on different attributes and make separate target groups and charge different prices to different customer groups (Varian 2014). When the profit from separate markets is greater than the profit from the combined market, the firms go for price discrimination. The relative demand elasticities of the markets determine the level of price discrimination. In a relatively inelastic market, the price is charged at a higher rate and in the relatively elastic market, price is charged at a lower rate (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Figure 1: Price Discrimination (Source: Varian 2014) There are three types of price discrimination, namely, first degree, second degree and third degree. First degree discrimination arises when a firm charges the maximum price for each unit that a consumer is willing to pay. This process captures the entire consumer surplus for the firm. The second degree occurs when the firms charge different price for different quantities of a product or service consumed. For example, when a firm gives discount on bulk purchases, then second degree discrimination is practiced. In third degree, a company applies price discrimination to different customer groups (Nicholson and Snyder 2014). In case of airlines, the industry has the market with different customer segments. From high value business customers to lower income class and holiday tourists, the airlines have one of the most diverse and segmented markets. The third degree discrimination is most common in this industry. The airline companies make different segments of market based on income, needs, tastes and preferences, and prices accordingly (Chandra and Lederman 2015). The airline companies and different groups of customers are the agents in this system. An airline charges higher price for a particular flight, whose demand is high. Similarly, people prefer to travel on weekends; hence, the weekend flights are more expensive than weekday flights. Price differentiation occurs in the economy and business class tickets, for additional services such as, meals on board, extra leg room, blankets, books, magazines, headphones, luggage, booking time, flying schedule, on and off season, choice of destination etc. Hence , the airlines charges price for convenience. The business class tickets are way too costly than the economy class tickets, but the comfort is much more in the business class, with special services such as extra leg room, complementary meals, extra luggage allowance etc. Again, the flight, which departs at midnight is priced lower than the one that departs in a convenient time in the day. Time of purchase is also crucial in this industry. As the departure date closes in, the price rises considerably. Lower price comes with certain disadvantages such as non transferable and non refundable tickets, no extra luggage allowance, no complementary meals etc. (Escobari and Jindapon 2014). The equilibrium outcome is achieved when the combined profit is maximized. The airlines use techniques, like, Expected Marginal Seat Revenue (EMSR) for optimizing the fare. This system depends on choice and distance of destination, revenue generating opportunities across the network. When the difference between the cost of flying, that is, fuel cost and operating cost and the revenue earned is maximized, equilibrium is reached and fare is decided for different groups of customers (Lazarev 2013). Factors Affecting market Outcomes Over Time There are many factors that can affect the market outcome over time. Firstly, the customer profiling made by the airlines help to set the prices. The airlines can make reasonable assumptions on the profile of passenger traffic on a route and set the prices accordingly. For example, the price for a holiday destination is different from that for a business destination. Similarly, when the airlines assume that tourists generally book for an early morning flight, and months before the holidays, then they are tempted to raise the price high for the seats on the holiday destination routes and would adjust later based on the market demand. On a business route, the airlines start with lower fare to fill up a minimum capacity and then start raising the prices. Majority of the companies have introduced privilege services for high value passengers such as frequent flier miles and extra add on services, like transferable tickets, extra leg room, meals, gifts, discounts etc. (Dai, Liu and Serfes 2014). Secondly, the cost reduction is another major factor that could affect the market outcome. In a competitive industry, fuel efficiency and reduction of total cost can give advantage to the airline companies. This can result in decline in the ticket prices and increase in popularity. Through technological improvement, market integration, and market competition, the companies can develop profit maximizing strategies and fuel efficiency (Marshall 2015). Thirdly, the regulatory policies by the governments affect the market prices for the airlines. In a free market environment, the companies can determine their own pricing as per the competitive advantage to reach their goals in short and long term. However, if the government starts to regulate the prices to reduce the market exploitation, then the impact of price discrimination would be reduced (Chandra and Lederman 2015). Welfare Implications of the Exchange Outcome and Scope for Public Policy Intervention (efficiency vs equity) The exchange outcomes include the operating cost reduction, fuel efficiency and government regulatory policies. With the technological improvement, the airlines can reduce its cost of operations. It also helps in achieving fuel efficiency. This would result in fall in the ticket prices, which would be beneficial for the customers. In this context, the concept of efficiency and equity can be illustrated. Efficiency refers to optimal production and allocation of the given resources with the existing factors of production. On the other hand, equity refers to the way the distribution of resources occurs throughout the entire society. In the airlines industry, efficiency can be achieved in many ways, through quality of product, quality of services and effective pricing (Czerny and Zhang 2014). Technological development can make the flights fuel efficient and increase the level of comfort with the flight. These are preferred by majority of travellers. However, the airlines want to reap off the entire consumer surplus; hence, their revenue is increased at the cost of consumer surplus. There is a scope of welfare in this system, as people can afford comfort by paying a certain cost (Friedman 2017). When the demand functions in several different markets are obtained from the distributions of the reservation prices, with a difference only in averages, there exists certain conditions, which leads to higher output and higher welfare in case of third degree price discrimination in the airlines industry (Cowan 2016). According to Varian (2014), welfare is reduced under price discrimination when the production is not increasing compared to the production under uniform pricing. However, the airlines charge price according to the affordability of the public and offer the services accordingly. This increases welfare. On the other hand, the exchange outcome explains that equity is not achieved. The distribution of resources throughout the society is not equal and the welfare is not generated by it. The airlines distribute the services for all kinds of sections within the society. However, they offer different services for different passenger groups at different prices. Hence, people afford the tickets and services as per their income status. Thus, equity is not achieved through price discrimination (Marshall 2015). The governmental policies work as the public policy intervention in the airlines industry. It should put a price cap on the pricing. After the deregulation of airlines happened in 1978, the airline companies started to make profits by charging different prices from different customers, although the fares became cheap and affordable. The practice is still going on. However, the combined profits of the industry are going down and customer satisfaction level is also going down (Moreno-Izquierdo, Ramn-Rodrguez and Ribes 2015). Due to deregulation, fares were reduced, along with that, the volatile fuel price, international competition with less labour cost, led to welfare generation for the consumers. However, to achieve equity, price discrimination should be reduced, but since, the airlines need to make profits, regulation by the government should be limited to safety (Borenstein, S. and Rose 2014). Conclusion It is a very old practice by the airlines of the world to charge different price for the same product to different groups of consumers. It is a profit maximizing strategy by the airlines. It makes segments of the customers on the basis of income and tastes and preferences. The customers pay different prices for the same services. The airlines make a trade off between high price more convenience and low price less convenience system. The business and economy class have different type of services, such as extra baggage allowance, complementary meals and alcohol, extra leg space etc. Based on the timing of ticket purchase, time of flying, the ticket prices differ. However, through price discrimination, the airlines achieve cost reduction and efficiency, but equity is not achieved. It can be concluded that through government intervention, price cap can be imposed on the business class tickets, but that would not be profitable for the airline companies. The government can impose regulatio ns on safety standard, but price discrimination would continue to be practiced by the airlines industry. References Baumol, W.J. and Blinder, A.S., 2015.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press. Chandra, A. and Lederman, M., 2015. Revisiting the relationship between competition and price discrimination in the airline industry. Cowan, S., 2016. Welfare?increasing third?degree price discrimination.The RAND Journal of Economics,47(2), pp.326-340. Czerny, A.I. and Zhang, A., 2014. Airport congestion pricing when airlines price discriminate.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,65, pp.77-89. Dai, M., Liu, Q. and Serfes, K., 2014. Is the effect of competition on price dispersion nonmonotonic? evidence from the us airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), pp.161-170. Escobari, D. and Jindapon, P., 2014. Price discrimination through refund contracts in airlines.International Journal of Industrial Organization,34, pp.1-8. Friedman, L.S., 2017.The microeconomics of public policy analysis. Princeton University Press. Lazarev, J., 2013. The welfare effects of intertemporal price discrimination: an empirical analysis of airline pricing in US monopoly markets.Unpublished manuscript. Marshall, G., 2015. Hassle costs and price discrimination: An empirical welfare analysis.American Economic Journal: Applied Economics,7(3), pp.123-146. Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Ramn-Rodrguez, A. and Ribes, J.P., 2015. The impact of the internet on the pricing strategies of the European low cost airlines.European Journal of Operational Research,246(2), pp.651-660. Moulin, H., 2014.Cooperative microeconomics: a game-theoretic introduction. Princeton University Press. Nicholson, W. and Snyder, C.M., 2014.Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Cengage Learning. Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

Water Analysis Essays - Intermolecular Forces, Inorganic Solvents

Water Analysis Water Water is used all around us everyday and is essential in the maintenance of life. Water is a requirement of the human body for the smooth functioning of body systems. Substituting other fluids for water can negatively impact ones health, especially in the case of children. Children who drink juices in the place of water have a tendency to be overweight and are at risk for other problems associated with normal growth. For teens and adults, reliance on fluids other than water also has side effects. For example, the sugar in soda contributes to tooth decay in teens, while in adults, the phosphoric acid can ultimately diminish bone density. Water is an odorless, tasteless, and transparent liquid. It may look colorless in small amounts, but in large amounts such as an ocean, it looks slightly blue. Water is the most common liquid on earth. Three-fourths of earths surface is covered with water. Water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Each hydrogen atom is connected to the oxygen atom by a covalent bond. The two H-O bonds form an angle of about 105 degrees. This arrangement results in a polar molecule. A polar molecule is a molecule with a net positive charge at the hydrogen ends and a net negative charge toward the oxygen end. This substance has a great amount of surface tension. Surface tension is a result of the water molecules clinging tightly together. This surface tension is responsible for causing a leaf to float on top of the water. The only liquid with a greater surface tension than water is mercury. Mercurys atoms are so attracted to each other that they tend not to adhere to anything else. Therefore, mercurys surface is able to hold heavier objects up, unlike any other liquid. Vaporization, or evaporation, is the change of a liquid to a gas. Water has a high heat of vaporization. At waters boiling point, it takes 540 calories to change 1 gram of liquid water into vapor. Hydrogen bonding also plays a role in waters high heat of vaporization. Vaporization comes from the rapid moving molecules. These molecules break loose from the surface and enter the air. The hotter the liquid, the faster the molecules move. Therefore, the hotter the liquid gets, the more vaporization occurs. In order for a water molecule to vaporize, it must break from its hydrogen bonds. This process requires taking heat from its surroundings, which, in turn, cools those surrounding elements. This is one way in which animals and plants stabilize their temperatures. Freezing of water occurs when its density increases. The density increases as the temperature drops. The molecules start to move slower and the space decreases between them. At 0 degrees C, the freezing point of water, the water becomes its hardest, or most stable. Water in solid form takes up a greater amount of volume than water as a liquid. Also, ice is much more dense than liquid, therefore the ice floats in liquid. Water supports many different processes. It is a crucial nutrient in the growth of the human body and is a key element in the stabilization of earths ecosystems. Water is the most abundant liquid on earth and is also the most important. Science Essays

A Reaction to Uncle Toms Cabin essays

A Reaction to Uncle Toms Cabin essays A Reaction to Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin So this is the little lady who made this big war. Abraham Lincolns legendary comment upon meeting Harriet Beecher Stowe demonstrates the significant place her novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, holds in American history. Published in book form in 1852, the novel quickly became a national bestseller and stirred up strong emotions in both the North and South. The context in which Uncle Toms Cabin was written, therefore, is just as significant as the actual content. Among other things, Stowes publication of her novel was stimulated by the increasing tensions among the nations citizens and by her fervent belief that slavery was brutally immoral. While she was still young, Harriets family moved from Hartford, Connecticut to Cincinnati, Ohio. At the time, Cincinnati was a battleground for pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, as well as being a city of religious revivalism, temperance conflicts, and race riots. Her father was a congregationalist minister and her oldest sister, Catherine, was a writer on social reform questions. It is not surprising, therefore, that because of her environment, Harriet became involved in movements emphasizing the moral injustice of slavery. Probably the most significant influence on Harriets writing Uncle Toms Cabin, however, was the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1950. Under the law, people who assisted a runaway slave could receive a fine of $1,000 and six months in prison. Naturally, the statute broadened the slavery debate by involving the northern states in the apprehension of runaway slaves. The North, who had previously adopted a not-our-problem attitude toward slavery, now was forced into a direct role in its propagation. These influences were directly responsible for Stowes creation of Uncle Toms Cabin and its characters, which in h...

Monetary Policy Coursework 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Monetary Policy Coursework 9 - Essay Example This streamlines the business cycle by increasing the output available in the US economy, hence providing surplus goods for exports and subsequent economic growth. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) aims at exploring the achievements of full employment as well as price stability (Econedlink.org, 2015). Therefore, the implementation of the US federal funds rate policy deals with the interest rates at which banks lend funds amongst themselves. The intermediary used by these banks is the Federal Reserve. The goals of the federal funds rate policy are to ensure US economic growth, monitor inflation, and increase employment. The Fed reduced this rate by 0.1% in mid 2014, and the results were diverse. In as much as the inflation rate as at January rose by 0.2%, the unemployment rate reduced by 5.5% in 2015. The US economic growth was positive by 2.2% in the last quarter of 2014. Evidently, the federal funds rate policy achieved its main goals: the reduction of unemployment and the growth of the economy. Econedlink.org,. (2015).  Focus on Economic Data: The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy, January 29, 2015 | EconEdLink. Retrieved 3 June 2015, from

Argument For Legalization of Gay Marriage Essay

Argument For Legalization of Gay Marriage - Essay Example Although most people do not support the legalization of gay marriage, this treatise argues that it ought to be legalized since it is their civil right, which is entirely different from religious beliefs. As the paper unfolds, reasons given by critics on why gay marriage should not be legalized will be counterattacked by supporting arguments. Same-sex couples should be treated equally and allowed full benefits of marriage without being seen as inferior or immoral as they help in adopting children, bringing up open-minded children, contributing financially through taxation, and due to the fact that failing to support them is a direct violation of their human rights. Discussion It is the contention of this treatise that gay marriage should be legalized because of the numerous benefits that come with it. For instance, same-sex marriages help in ensuring that cases of children adoption are heightened. Critics argue that gay marriages promote immorality among children who end up following similar routes (White 241-242). However, this is a baseless and fallacious argument, considering that gay marriage helps in ensuring that homeless children get loving families who can take care of them just like other children coming from straight family backgrounds. Additionally, the choice to be gay is optional and not imposed on anyone. Therefore, alleging that the act promotes immorality as children adopted end up being gay is an irrational argument that should not be put into consideration. It should be noted that gay marriage helps in encouraging solid family values as it leads to an increased number of children adopted. Additionally, most people argue that gay marriages ought not to be legalized since it goes against the moral as well as the definition of marriage. They also allege that it ends up destroying the sanctity of a society and family values. Others go ahead to allege that it is against religious ideologies such as Islam and Catholicism (Andryszwski 33-34). However, this is an equally unfounded point considering that religious and civil marriages are separate institutions. Today, most couples do not require religious leaders to be present in their wedding; therefore, the grounds of law and religion are two separate entities. Furthermore, though religious beliefs are important, it is to be understood that not all people are religious or believe in the doctrines of the church. Therefore, failing to support such groups is a direct violation of their freedom. Though most people strongly believe that children need both parents, the American Psychological Association claims that girls who are raised without the support of their fathers are at high risk of getting involved in sexual activities (American Psychological Association). Additionally, critics often argue that gay households do not offer an appropriate environment for raising children. Again, this is rather a biased, baseless, and irrational observation as studies carried out on children rai sed from same-sex households’ shows that children from such families feel empathetic and open-minded as compared to other children (DeMotier). This is because the quality of family relationships is more crucial among those children than the structure. Additionally, according to the Human Rights Campaign Foundation, children who are raised by gay families perform just as well as those raised by straight families (Knox and Schacht 263).

Jasper Jones Essay Example for Free

Jasper Jones Essay Values have been endorsed and challenged throughout the novel Jasper Jones written by Craig Silvey. The novel Jasper Jones was about a young, shy boy named Carlie who was confronted by an older, confident boy named Jasper Jones who needed his help. As Charlie says yes they set off into the night to where Jasper shows Charlie a young girl, Eliza Wishart, who has been beaten and hung. Throughout the novel they attempt to find out who has done this horrible act to Eliza. The values of equality and coming of age have been both endorsed and challenged. Values of equality, intelligence and acceptance of individuality have been both endorsed and challenged. The value of equality were endorsed through Jasper and Jeffery Lu who have experienced discrimination due to their differences. The values of intelligence and acceptance of individuality were both present through Charlie’s allusion and his differences. The value of equality being present within the character of Jeffery Lu was evident due to his characterisation. As he was a Japanese boy who lived in Australia during the time when there was large conflict between the Japanese and Australians. In the novel Jasper Jones you see Jeffery and the Lu family to be the recipient between of many racist acts towards them. â€Å"Jeffery’s parents are Vietnamese, so he’s ruthlessly bullied and belted about by the boys at school.† Through the characterisation of Jeffery it represents the way how Jeffery is being treated because of his differences, however he portrayed Jeffery to be a very lovable character in the novel. By doing this the readers like the character of Jeffery and reject the actions and discrimination that has been done upon him so they accept the value of equality. As Jeffery is represented to be unflappable which is portraying that all of the outcasts in the world to be strong and Silvey is depicting small Australian towns to be non-accepting of others with differences in race/ The readers are then challenging the values of the town and endorsing the values of equality. Jasper Jones has been shown by author Silvey to present the value of freedom. In the town of Corrigan Jasper is seen by the public to be a menace. All of the townspeople think that he is no good to society. With Jasper Jones you see the town’s people duality as they go around blaming everything that goes wrong in the town on him but cheer and shout his name out on the football field.

Jazz: A Permanent Fixture in American Culture Essay -- Music

The cities were where the jobs were located as well as the promise of a more exciting lifestyle. This urbanization allowed people exposure to other cultures, including their music. A large number of African Americans were included in this urban migration. They were moving from the rural south to northern cities and bringing with them a type of music that was different from anything the white northern youth had ever heard before. It was not the music of their parents and they embraced it. This music strayed away from classic forms, rejecting the chromatic scale and instead choosing discordant sounds (Samuel). The cities offered numerous opportunities to experience jazz. They were full of nightclubs and roadhouses which specialized in jazz music and stimulated artistic development, racial pride, and a sense of community (The American Republic). Advancements in technology also facilitated the spread of jazz music into mainstream society. Modern appliances allowed for people to have more free time. They filled this free time with entertainment. More disposable income also allowed for the purchase of phonograph records which brought jazz to areas where no bands performed. The radio was also important to the dissemination of jazz. Unlike many clubs, which were still segregated, radio was not. While many African American station owners struggled to survive in a white society they eventually managed to bring jazz music into the homes of both white and black households (Burns). Jazz music gave rise to several subcultures during the 1920’s. One of the most well-known being the flapper. The flapper represented the changing role of women in the post war society. Women during this time wanted greater independence. They entered the workfo... ...id, Keith. PBS: 2001, Film Carney, Courtney P. â€Å"Jazz and the Cultural Transformation of America in the 1920’s.† Diss. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2003. Clegg, Stewart. "If People are Strange, Does Organization Make us Normal?." The Sage Handbook of New Approaches to Organization Studies. Comp. David Barry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2008. Print. Music That Scared America: The Early Days of Jazz. Irvine, CA: Humanities out there in the Santa Ana Partnership, 2006 Nichols, Kathleen L. Jazz Age Culture. 11 Aug. 2008. Pittsburgh State University. 11 Apr. 2011 . Samuel, D. (2007). American Expatriates in the 1920s: Why Paris? Speakeasies, Flappers & Red Hot Jazz: Music of the Prohibition. n.d. Riverwalk Jazz. 11 Apr. 2011 . The Jazz Age. n.d. Trail End State Historical Site. 11 Apr. 2011 . [ return to top ]

A Comparison of Freedom: The Works of Frederick Douglass and David Walker Essay

One of the hottest and most discussed topics in American History is the issue of freedom. This is because of the fact that the young American nation, especially in the early and middle 19th century, witnessed different notions of freedom that is believed by her citizens; and most contrasting in this case is the notion of freedom by the industrial north (who favored the abolition of slavery), and the notion of freedom by the agricultural southern states (who favored slavery). It is well known that the United States is called the â€Å"home of the free and the land of the brave;† however, it is also well known that the institution of slavery and the racism against African Americans played a dominant part in the southern states of the country, dominated by cotton plantations (also known as the â€Å"deep south†). This paper would then discuss the notions of freedom according to two African Americans, one whom is slave: Frederick Douglass and David Walker. Frederick Douglass is one of the most famous former slaves in American History; he soon escaped from his masters, helped in the strengthening of the â€Å"underground railroad† (a secret route that helped slaves escape to freedom†), and joined the abolitionist movement. His personal accounts, as well as his notions of freedom, can be seen in his work My Bondage and My Freedom. Meanwhile, David Walker is also an abolitionist; but he was free unlike Douglass (his father was a slave, but his mother was free). Despite being a free man, he also witnessed the cruelties of slavery in his childhood, and advocated the abolishment of slavery, detailed in his work Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Colored Citizens of the world, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America (also known as David Walker’s appeal). This essay would try to make an analytic comparison of their ideas on freedom based on these two works. 2. Frederick Douglass on Freedom One of the most compelling accounts of freedom as narrated by Frederick Douglass can be seen in Chapter XIX of his book My Bondage and My Freedom, entitled The Runaway Plot (Douglass 271-303). In this chapter, Douglass was actually reflecting upon his thoughts on New Year’s Eve, especially upon his thoughts on gaining freedom and liberty (Douglass 272). In his thoughts, Douglass actually stated one of the most important precepts of the freedom of every individual, in which each man has the right to be free ever since being born, and regardless of color (Douglass 272). According to Douglass, â€Å"I was not through the first month of this, my second year with the kind and gentlemanly Mr. Freeland, before I was earnestly considering and advising plans for gaining that freedom, which, when I was but a mere child, I had ascertained to be the natural and inborn right of every member of the human family. The desire for this freedom had been benumbed, while I was under the brutalizing dominion of Covey; and it had been postponed, and rendered inoperative, by my truly pleasant Sunday school engagements†¦It had, however, never entirely subsided. I hated slavery, always, and the desire for freedom only needed a favorable breeze, to fan it into a blaze, at any moment. † (Douglass 273). In this case, it can clearly be seen that Douglass strongly believed that every man is created equal, wherein every man also has the right to freedom, in the sole reason that he is human; this debunks the very notion of the racial basis of inequality and slavery. Douglass adds to this point by saying that â€Å"My faculties and powers of body and soul are not my own, but are the property of a fellow mortal, in no sense superior to me, except that he has the physical power to compel me to be owned and controlled by him. By the combined physical force of the community, I am his slave — a slave for life† (Douglass 272). This is where Douglass wants to be free, for he believes that the master owing him is not, in any sense, superior to him, but is dictated by circumstances and by institutions to be slaved. In addition, the notion of freedom according to Douglass, even though it is a natural right, must be fought for whenever it is taken away, this is the freedom that comes with action (Douglass 274). According to Douglass, â€Å"The intense desires, now felt, to be free, quickened by my present favorable circumstances, brought me to the determination to act, as well as to think and speak†¦This vow only bound me to make my escape individually; but the year spent with Mr. Freeland had attached me, as with â€Å"hooks of steel,† to my brother slaves†¦ and I felt it my duty to give them an opportunity to share in my virtuous determination by frankly disclosing to them my plans and purposes† (Douglass 274). In this case, freedom is not only to be fought for individually, but also for fellow men, for â€Å"brothers† whose freedom is actually taken away. Therefore, the idea of freedom by Douglass does not only end in recognizing your own personal right to freedom, but also for fighting for the freedom of other oppressed peoples. After he escaped into freedom from slavery, he put into action his words by joining the abolitionist movement, claiming victory when Abraham Lincoln officially abolished slavery at the end of the civil war. 3. David Walker on Freedom David Walker, famous for his David Walker’s Appeal, also expressed his notion of freedom in a very expressive way, earning the contempt of both white plantation owners and white supremacists. According to Walker, â€Å"All I ask is, for a candid and careful perusal of this the third and last edition of my Appeal, where the world may see that we, the Blacks or Coloured People, are treated more cruel by the white Christians of America, than devils themselves ever treated a set of men, women and children on this earth† (Walker 4). What lead Walker to express this kind of emotion to the institution of slavery? This is because of the fact that Walker believed the institution of slavery, as well as the cruelty to slaves (who were overwhelmingly colored peoples) violated the very foundation of the American republic, being the â€Å"land of liberty† (Walker 6). In this case, Walker also believed that it is the very â€Å"evil† institutions of slavery that has violated the right of freedom of men, stating that the system of slavery in itself is cruel and inhuman, and that it is even the source of all miseries and cruelties to all nations (Walker 6). Therefore, Walker argues that slavery must not be practiced at all, given that freedom is a right and it must not be violated. In addition, Walker also states that â€Å"All persons who are acquainted with history, and particularly the Bible, who are not blinded by the God of this world, and are not actuated solely by avarice–who are able to lay aside prejudice long enough to view candidly and impartially, things as they were, are, and probably will be– who are willing to admit that God made man to serve Him alone, and that man should have no other Lord or Lords but Himself–that God Almighty is the sole proprietor or master of the whole human family† (Walker 7). In this argument, Walker seeks a biblical explanation, wherein God created all men equal, and only God is superior to man; therefore, it also follows that it is only God who has the right to become master of man, to become the proprietor of man, to which slavery is a direct violation of it. 4. Conclusion One common aspect of the notion of freedom for both Frederick Douglass and David Walker is the fact that they both believe that freedom is a natural right of man, wherein racial or class origin does not count. Douglass emphasized its natural basis, while Walker seeks a biblical explanation to it. Also, Douglass emphasized the aspect of action, fighting for freedom not only of the self but for others, while Walker emphasized the wretchedness of man in slavery (Walker 32). Works Cited: Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. New York: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1855. Print. Walker, David. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Colored Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America. Boston: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2009. eBook. Outline: 1. Introduction 2. Frederick Douglass on Freedom 3. David Walker on Freedom 4. Conclusion

The Tokai Earthquake of the Future

The great Tokai Earthquake of the 21st century has not happened yet, but Japan has been getting ready for it for over 30 years. All of Japan is earthquake country, but its most dangerous part is on the Pacific coast of the main island Honshu, just southwest of Tokyo. Here the Philippine Sea plate is moving under the Eurasia plate in an extensive subduction zone. From studying centuries of earthquake records, Japanese geologists have mapped out segments of the subduction zone that seem to rupture regularly and repeatedly. The part southwest of Tokyo, underlying the coast around Suruga Bay, is called the Tokai segment. Tokai Earthquake History The Tokai segment last ruptured in 1854, and before that in 1707. Both events were great earthquakes of magnitude 8.4. The segment ruptured in comparable events in 1605 and in 1498. The pattern is pretty stark: a Tokai earthquake has happened about every 110 years, plus or minus 33 years. As of 2012, it has been 158 years and counting. These facts were put together in the 1970s by Katsuhiko Ishibashi. In 1978, the legislature adopted the Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Act. In 1979, the Tokai segment was declared an area under intensified measures against earthquake disaster. Research began into the historic earthquakes and tectonic structure of the Tokai area. Widespread, persistent public education raised awareness about the expected effects of the Tokai Earthquake. Looking back and visualizing forward, we are not trying to predict the Tokai Earthquake at a specific date  but to clearly foresee it before it happens. Worse than Kobe, Worse than Kanto Professor Ishibashi is now at the University of Kobe, and perhaps that name rings a bell: Kobe was the site of a devastating quake in 1995 that the Japanese know as the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. In Kobe alone, 4571 persons died and more than 200,000 were housed in shelters; in total, 6430 people were killed. More than 100,000 houses collapsed. Millions of homes lost water, power, or both. Some $150 billion in damage was recorded. The other benchmark Japanese quake was the Kanto earthquake of 1923. That event killed more than 120,000 people. The Hanshin-Awaji earthquake was magnitude 7.3. Kanto was 7.9. But at 8.4, the Tokai Earthquake will be substantially larger. Tracking The Tokai Segment With Science The seismic community in Japan is monitoring the Tokai segment at depth as well as watching the level of the land above it. Below, researchers map a large patch of the subduction zone where the two sides are locked; this is what will let loose to cause the quake. Above, careful measurements show that the land surface is being dragged down as the lower plate puts strain energy into the upper plate. Historical studies have capitalized on records of the tsunamis caused by past Tokai earthquakes. New methods allow us to partially reconstruct the causative event from the wave records. Preparation for the Next Tokai Earthquake The Tokai Earthquake is visualized in scenarios used by emergency planners. They need to create plans for an event that will likely cause about 5800 deaths, 19,000 serious injuries, and nearly 1 million damaged buildings in Shizuoka Prefecture alone. Large areas will be shaken at intensity 7, the highest level in the Japanese intensity scale. The Japanese Coast Guard recently produced unsettling tsunami animations for the major harbors in the epicentral region. The Hamaoka nuclear power plant sits where the hardest shaking is foreseen. The operators have begun further strengthening of the structure; based on the same information, popular opposition to the plant has increased. In the aftermath of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the plants very future existence is clouded. Weaknesses of the Tokai Earthquake Warning System Most of this activity does good, but some aspects can be criticized. First is its reliance on the simple recurrence model of earthquakes, which is based on studies of the historical record. More desirable would be a physical recurrence model based on understanding the physics of the earthquake cycle, and where the region sits in that cycle, but that is still not well known. Also, the law set up an alert system that is less robust than it seems. A panel of six senior seismologists is supposed to assess the evidence and tell the authorities to make a public warning announcement when the Tokai Earthquake is imminent within hours or days. All the drills and practices that follow (for instance, freeway traffic is supposed to slow to 20 kph) assume that this process is scientifically sound, but in fact, theres no consensus on what evidence actually foreshadows earthquakes. In fact, a previous chairman of this Earthquake Assessment Committee, Kiroo Mogi, resigned his position in 1996 over this and other flaws in the system. He reported its grave issues in a 2004 paper in Earth Planets Space. Maybe a better process will be enacted someday—hopefully, ​long before the next Tokai Earthquake.